[Strengthening leadership for educational management in the Americas: an action research strategyFortalecimento da liderança para a gestão educacional na Região das Américas: uma estratégia de pesquisa-ação]. / Fortalecimiento del liderazgo para la gestión educativa en las Américas: una estrategia de investigación-acción.

The training of human resources for health (HRH) is a recurring concern. The Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) - the educational platform of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) - seeks to improve access to public health education, emphasizing leadership training for teams that plan, implement, and evaluate policies and educational initiatives.The objective of this work is to present the results of a consultation with experts on the virtual course "Leadership for Educational Management in Health Organizations", as part of a PAHO/VCPH strategy to strengthen leadership capacities for educational management in the Americas.A qualitative action-research study was carried out using the Delphi method with two iterations of consultations (one virtual and one in person) with experts in educational management in health organizations.The results show the importance of eight dimensions of analysis: recipient profiles, competencies, approach and contents, activities, evaluation of and for learning, adaptability, implementation, and monitoring during and after the course.The participation of actors from different geopolitical spheres in the design and implementation of a regional educational initiative fosters adaptations in the context of its implementation and improves the likelihood it will be adopted. This course can play a strategic role as a catalyst in the formation and consolidation of an integrated network of organizations that strengthen educational leadership in the Americas. This study also highlights the value of the methodological strategy used to improve the quality of HRH training.

A formação de recursos humanos em saúde é uma preocupação recorrente. O Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) é a plataforma educacional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), que busca melhorar a acessibilidade à educação em saúde pública, com ênfase na formação de lideranças educacionais voltadas para o planejamento, a implementação e a avaliação de políticas e ações educacionais.O objetivo deste documento é apresentar os resultados de uma consulta com especialistas sobre o curso virtual "Liderazgo para la Gestión Educativa en Organizaciones de Salud" [Liderança para a Gestão Educacional em Organizações de Saúde], como parte de uma estratégia para fortalecer as capacidades de liderança para gestão educacional na Região das Américas proposta pelo CVPS/OPAS.Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de pesquisa-ação utilizando o método Delphi com duas rodadas de consultas, uma virtual e outra presencial, a especialistas em gestão educacional em organizações de saúde.Os resultados mostram a relevância de oito dimensões de análise: perfil do público-alvo; competências; abordagem e conteúdo; atividades; avaliação de e para as aprendizagens; adaptabilidade; implementação; e acompanhamento durante e após o curso.A participação de atores de diferentes esferas geopolíticas no delineamento e na implementação de uma proposta educacional regional promove a transformação do contexto de aplicação e aumenta seu potencial de adoção. Destaca-se o posicionamento estratégico do curso como catalisador na criação e consolidação de uma rede integrada de organizações para fortalecer a liderança educacional na Região das Américas e a adequação da estratégia metodológica empregada para melhorar a qualidade da formação de recursos humanos em saúde.

Fortalecimiento del liderazgo para la gestión educativa en las Américas: una estrategia de investigación-acción / Strengthening leadership for educational management in the Americas: an action research strategy / Fortalecimento da liderança para a gestão educacional na Região das Américas: uma estratégia de pesquisa-ação

[RESUMEN]. La formación de recursos humanos en salud es una preocupación recurrente. El Campus Virtual de Salud Pública (CVSP) es la plataforma educativa de la Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS) que busca mejorar la accesibilidad a la educación en salud pública, con énfasis en la formación en liderazgo educativo orientado a planificar, implementar y evaluar políticas y acciones educativas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de una consulta a personas expertas sobre el curso virtual “Liderazgo para la Gestión Educativa en Organizaciones de Salud”, como parte de una estrategia de fortalecimiento de las capacidades de liderazgo para la gestión educativa en las Américas propuesta por el CVPS/OPS. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación-acción, con una metodología Delphi de dos iteraciones de consultas, una virtual y una presencial, a expertos en gestión educativa en organizaciones de salud. Los resultados muestran la relevancia que adquieren ocho dimensiones de análisis: el perfil de los destinata- rios, las competencias, el enfoque y los contenidos, las actividades, la evaluación del y para el aprendizaje, la adaptabilidad, la implementación y el seguimiento durante y poscurso. La participación de actores de diferentes ámbitos geopolíticos en el diseño e implementación de una propuesta educativa regional promueve la transformación del contexto de aplicación y mejora su potencial adopción. Se destaca el lugar estratégico del curso como catalizador en la conformación y la consolidación de una red integrada de organizaciones para fortalecer el liderazgo educativo en las Américas, y la conveniencia de la estrategia metodológica empleada para mejorar la calidad de la formación de recursos humanos en salud.

[ABSTRACT]. The training of human resources for health (HRH) is a recurring concern. The Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) – the educational platform of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) – seeks to improve access to public health education, emphasizing leadership training for teams that plan, implement, and evaluate poli- cies and educational initiatives. The objective of this work is to present the results of a consultation with experts on the virtual course “Leader- ship for Educational Management in Health Organizations”, as part of a PAHO/VCPH strategy to strengthen leadership capacities for educational management in the Americas. A qualitative action-research study was carried out using the Delphi method with two iterations of consultations (one virtual and one in person) with experts in educational management in health organizations. The results show the importance of eight dimensions of analysis: recipient profiles, competencies, approach and contents, activities, evaluation of and for learning, adaptability, implementation, and monitoring during and after the course. The participation of actors from different geopolitical spheres in the design and implementation of a regional educational initiative fosters adaptations in the context of its implementation and improves the likelihood it will be adopted. This course can play a strategic role as a catalyst in the formation and consolidation of an integra- ted network of organizations that strengthen educational leadership in the Americas. This study also highlights the value of the methodological strategy used to improve the quality of HRH training.

[RESUMO]. A formação de recursos humanos em saúde é uma preocupação recorrente. O Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) é a plataforma educacional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), que busca melhorar a acessibilidade à educação em saúde pública, com ênfase na formação de lideranças educacio- nais voltadas para o planejamento, a implementação e a avaliação de políticas e ações educacionais. O objetivo deste documento é apresentar os resultados de uma consulta com especialistas sobre o curso virtual “Liderazgo para la Gestión Educativa en Organizaciones de Salud” [Liderança para a Gestão Edu- cacional em Organizações de Saúde], como parte de uma estratégia para fortalecer as capacidades de liderança para gestão educacional na Região das Américas proposta pelo CVPS/OPAS. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de pesquisa-ação utilizando o método Delphi com duas rodadas de con- sultas, uma virtual e outra presencial, a especialistas em gestão educacional em organizações de saúde. Os resultados mostram a relevância de oito dimensões de análise: perfil do público-alvo; competências; abordagem e conteúdo; atividades; avaliação de e para as aprendizagens; adaptabilidade; implementação; e acompanhamento durante e após o curso. A participação de atores de diferentes esferas geopolíticas no delineamento e na implementação de uma proposta educacional regional promove a transformação do contexto de aplicação e aumenta seu potencial de adoção. Destaca-se o posicionamento estratégico do curso como catalisador na criação e consolidação de uma rede integrada de organizações para fortalecer a liderança educacional na Região das Américas e a adequação da estratégia metodológica empregada para melhorar a qualidade da formação de recursos humanos em saúde.

Rúbricas como instrumento de evaluación de ateneos en una residencia de Bioquímica Clínica de un hospital universitario. Estudio sobre su confiabilidad e impacto educativo / Rubrics as an evaluation instrument for conferences in a Clinical Biochemistry residency at a university hospital. Study on its reliability and educational impact / Rubricas como instrumento de avaliação de congressos em uma residência de Bioquímica Clínica de um hospital universitário. Estudo sobre sua confiabilidade e impacto educacional

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir el uso de rúbricas para la evaluación formativa de la participación de profesionales en formación en el desarrollo de ateneos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo sobre la rúbrica de ateneos de programas de formación de posgrado de Bioquímica Clínica y se analizó la confiabilidad (por medio del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) y su impacto educativo. Se analizaron 51 rúbricas sobre 41 ateneos de 9 profesionales en formación (residentes y becarios) por 19 evaluadores. La estimación de confiabilidad arrojó un alfa de Cronbach de 0,71 (nivel de confianza del 95%, p≤0,05). La rúbrica aquí analizada ha servido para clarificar las metas de aprendizajes de una actividad tradicional en la formación de posgrado en servicio. Se ha logrado generar un instrumento de evaluación confiable que puede ser utilizado en otras profesiones y especialidades del equipo de salud.

Abstract The objective of the study was to describe the use of rubrics for the formative evaluation of the participation of professionals in training in the development of conferences. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out on the rubric of athenaeums of postgraduate training programmes in Clinical Biochemistry, analysing its reliability (by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and its educational impact. Fifty-one rubrics difewere analysed on 41 athenaeums of 9 professionals in training (residents and fellows) by 19 evaluators. The reliability estimate yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.71 (95% confidence level, p≤0.05). The rubric analysed here has served to clarify the learning goals of a traditional activity in postgraduate training in service. It has been possible to generate a reliable evaluation instrument that can be used in other professions and specialties of the health team.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a utilização de rubricas para avaliação formativa da participação de profissionais em formação no desenvolvimento de ateneus. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo da rubrica de ateneus dos programas de formação pós-graduação em Bioquímica Clínica, analisando a sua fiabilidade (através do coeficiente alpha de Cronbach) e o seu impacto educacional. Cinquenta e uma rubricas de 41 ateneus de 9 profissionais em formação (residentes e bolsistas) foram analisadas por 19 avaliadores. A estimativa de confiabilidade resultou em um alfa de Cronbach de 0,71 (nível de confiança de 95%, p≤0,05). A rubrica aqui analisada serviu para esclarecer os objetivos de aprendizagens de uma atividade tradicional na formação pós-graduação em serviço. Foi possível gerar um instrumento de avaliação confiável que pode ser utilizado em outras profissões e especialidades da equipe de saúde.

Teaching strategies and outcomes in 3 different times of the COVID-19 pandemic through a dynamic assessment of medical skills and wellness of surgical trainees.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had a substantial impact on surgical training programs. This study describes the teaching strategies and outcomes in 3 different times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic through a dynamic assessment of medical skills and well-being of trainees. METHODS: Three surveys were administered during 2020 to general surgery residents and fellows in a university hospital in Argentina. Perceptions on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 were described. The stress rate and risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 124 answers. In total, 59% were men, 82% of trainees reported concerns about the loss of surgical skills in early phase 1. Time spent with academic activities increased in 94.5% of the cases. Owing to the prompt implementation of changes, by the end of 2020, 73% participated in a greater number of procedures (P = .003); personal protective equipment use related problems dropped from 40% to 14% (P = .031), and the lack of adequate spaces where trainees could express reduced from 28% to zero. Half of the trainees felt stressed, and 18% required psychological assistance; reporting problems with personal protective equipment use was identified as a risk factor (P = .012). CONCLUSION: Assessing trainees' perceptions at 3 different times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic enabled the implementation of dynamic changes. The negative impact on surgical training was partially offset by the optimal use of virtual learning. Half of them felt stressed, identifying problems in the use of personal protective equipment as a predisposing factor.

Percepciones de los médicos en formación en Cirugía General en la fase inicial de la pandemia por COVID-19 / Perceptions of general surgeons in training in the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las percepciones de los cirujanos en formación durante la fase inicial de la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: se realizó el análisis transversal de una encuesta de 51 preguntas a médicos en formación de un Servicio de Cirugía General en un hospital de la Argentina. Se abarcaron 5 ámbitos: institucional, asistencial, académico, doméstico y emocional. Resultados: en total 55 médicos completaron la encuesta (91,7%): 35 residentes y 20 becarios de perfeccionamiento; 56,4% eran hombres. El 98,1% consideró suficiente la información brindada por el hospital y el servicio sobre las medidas tomadas con respecto al COVID-19. Si bien el 98,1% consideró satisfactorios los instructivos sobre los equipos de protección personal, el 38% informó inconvenientes en su utilización. El 92,5% de los residentes estuvo de acuerdo con el esquema de guardias implementado. El 94,5% incrementó el tiempo dedicado a actividades académicas. El 75% consideró útil el cronograma de clases virtuales implementado. El 72,7% de los encuestados consideró que contaba con espacios donde manifestar sus preocupaciones. El 60% consideró adecuada la supervisión. El 81,81% manifestó preocupación por perder habilidad manual. El 53% dijo sentirse frustrado y el 54% manifestó temor de contagiar a su familia/pareja. Conclusión: conocer las percepciones de los cirujanos en formación en la fase inicial de la pandemia por COVID-19 permitió detectar oportunidades de mejora e incorporar nuevas estrategias educativas para afrontar las fases siguientes, asegurando el aprendizaje y priorizando su bienestar físico y psicosocial.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the perceptions of surgeons in training during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: A 51-question survey was conducted among physicians in training from a department of surgery in an Argentine hospital. Five domains were explored: institutional, healthcare, academic, domestic and emotional. Results: The survey was completed by 55 physicians (91.7%): 35 residents and 20 fellows. Among the respondents, 98.1% considered the information provided by the hospital and the department about the measures implemented in the COVID-19 stetting was sufficient. 98.1% considered that the instructions about personal protective equipment were satisfactory, but 38% reported difficulties to use them. 92.5% of the residents agreed with the system implemented for on-call shifts, 94.5% increased the time dedicated to academic activities, 75% considered the virtual class schedule implemented as very useful and 72.72% perceived that they had spaces to express their concerns. The supervision was considered adequate by 60%; 81.81% were worried to lose manual dexterity; 53% felt frustrated and 54% were afraid of infecting their family/partner. Conclusion: Understanding the perceptions of surgeons in training in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic made it possible to detect opportunities for improvement and incorporate modifications to address the following phases, ensuring learning and prioritizing their physical and psychosocial well-being.

Staff senior versus staff junior en cirugía tiroidea. Supervisada: resultados y desafíos pedagógicos.

OBJETIVO: En el presente trabajo nos planteamos analizar cuál es la visión del cirujano supervisado que realiza una cirugía tiroidea acerca de qué y cómo se aprende en el ámbito del quirófano y cuáles son las características de este espacio de aprendizaje. Se analizaron las posibles diferencias respecto a la morbilidad posoperatoria del paciente cuando es tratado por un supervisor o un supervisado. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional cualitativo-cuantitativo mediante un cuestionario sin opciones prefijadas, tanto a los supervisores como a los supervisados. También se analizó una base de datos retrospectiva considerando la estadía, los tiempos operatorios y las complicaciones agudas y crónicas según el operador (supervisado o supervisor). RESULTADOS: La experiencia profesional involucra otras acciones complejas que deben visibilizarse para ser enseñadas. Tanto supervisores como supervisados reconocieron al quirófano como un contexto socializador a través de aprendizajes supervisados. No existieron diferencias estadísticas en las complicaciones ni en la estadía hospitalaria entre cirujanos expertos y cirujanos en formación supervisados. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo resulta ser un aporte a quienes enfrentan el desafío de facilitar el aprendizaje dentro de la sala de operaciones. Se espera que ayude a inspirar acciones planificadas que jerarquicen y aporten calidad a la tarea educativa ineludible. OBJECTIVE: In the present work we propose to analyze what is the vision of the supervised surgeon who performs thyroid surgery about what and how it is learned in the operating room and what are the characteristics of this learning space. Possible differences regarding the postoperative morbidity of the patient when treated by a supervisor or a supervised person were analyzed. METHOD: Qualitative-quantitative observational study using a questionnaire without predefined options, for both supervisors and supervisees. A retrospective database was also analyzed considering hospital stay, operative times, acute and chronic complications according to operator (supervised or supervisor). RESULTS: Professional expertise involves other complex actions that must be made visible to be taught. Both supervisors and supervisees recognized the operating room as a socializing context through supervised learning. There were no statistical differences in complications and / or hospital stay between expert surgeons and supervised surgeons in training. CONCLUSIONS: This work turns out to be a contribution to those who face the challenge of facilitating learning in the operating room. It is hoped that it will help inspire planned actions that prioritize and add quality to the inescapable educational task.

Aproximación al currículum oculto a través de la medicina narrativa en la formación de estudiantes de Medicina / Approach to the hidden curriculum through narrative medicine in the training of medical students

Introducción. Currículum oculto son aquellos contenidos aprendidos que no pertenecen al currículum formal. La medicina narrativa permite conocer las experiencias de profesionales de la salud. Aproximarse al currículum oculto permitiría modificar o reforzar instancias de aprendizaje no formal.Objetivo. Analizar producciones narrativas de estudiantes de Medicina para identificar contenidos del currículum oculto.Población y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con estudiantes de la materia Pediatría durante 2017.Resultados. Los 14 estudiantes de una cursada realizaron 50 narraciones. El 53 % correspondieron al contexto internación; el 17 %, a atención ambulatoria; el 17 %, a la central de emergencias, y el 13 %, a neonatología. Los principales contenidos fueron comunicación médico-paciente, inclusión de la familia en la consulta pediátrica, empatía, enfermedad crónica en los niños y comunicación de malas noticias.Conclusiones. Las producciones narrativas permitieron aproximarse al currículum oculto a través de reflexiones sobre el accionar profesion

Introduction. Hidden curricula are those contents learned that do not belong to the formal curriculum. Narrative medicine allows knowledge of health professionals ́ experiences. Approaching to the hidden curriculum can allow modifying or reinforcing instances of the non-formal learning.Objective. Analyze narrative medical students ́ productions to identify hidden curriculum contents.Population and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Pediatric students during 2017.Results. All the students of the course (14) participated and performed 50 narrative productions: 53 % corresponded to the hospitalization context, 17 % to ambulatory care, 17 % to the emergency center and 13 % to neonatology.The main topics described were doctor-patient communication, importance of family inclusio in the pediatric consultation, empathy, impact of chronic disease in children and communication of bad news.Conclusions. Narrative productions allowed an approximation to the hidden curriculum through reflections on professional action

[Approach to the hidden curriculum through narrative medicine in the training of medical students]. / Aproximación al currículum oculto a través de la medicina narrativa en la formación de estudiantes de Medicina.

INTRODUCTION: Hidden curricula are those contents learned that do not belong to the formal curriculum. Narrative medicine allows knowledge of health professionals' experiences. Approaching to the hidden curriculum can allow modifying or reinforcing instances of the nonformal learning. OBJECTIVE: Analyze narrative medical students' productions to identify hidden curriculum contents. POPULATION AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with Pediatric students during 2017. RESULTS: All the students of the course (14) participated and performed 50 narrative productions: 53 % corresponded to the hospitalization context, 17 % to ambulatory care, 17 % to the emergency center and 13 % to neonatology. The main topics described were doctor-patient communication, importance of family inclusion in the pediatric consultation, empathy, impact of chronic disease in children and communication of bad news. CONCLUSIONS: Narrative productions allowed an approximation to the hidden curriculum through reflections on professional actions.

Introducción. Currículum oculto son aquellos contenidos aprendidos que no pertenecen al currículum formal. La medicina narrativa permite conocer las experiencias de profesionales de la salud. Aproximarse al currículum oculto permitiría modificar o reforzar instancias de aprendizaje no formal. Objetivo. Analizar producciones narrativas de estudiantes de Medicina para identificar contenidos del currículum oculto. Población y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con estudiantes de la materia Pediatría durante 2017. Resultados. Los 14 estudiantes de una cursada realizaron 50 narraciones. El 53 % correspondieron al contexto internación; el 17%, a atención ambulatoria; el 17 %, a la central de emergencias, y el 13 %, a neonatología. Los principales contenidos fueron comunicación médico-paciente, inclusión de la familia en la consulta pediátrica, empatia, enfermedad crónica en los niños y comunicación de malas noticias. Conclusiones. Las producciones narrativas permitieron aproximarse al currículum oculto a través de reflexiones sobre el accionar profesional.

Introducción a la mentoría en investigación y principales marcos teóricos para comprender y explicar sus procesos / Introduction to mentoring in research and main theoretical frameworks to understand and explain their processes

En este artículo, los autores explican el origen y el uso actual del término mentoría y describen algunos marcos teóricosque ayudan a comprender los procesos y la repercusión de la mentoría en investigación: el del aprendizaje cognitivo, eldel aprendizaje no formal, el del aprendizaje sociocultural en el contexto de comunidades de práctica, el de la mentoríacomo una forma de acumulación de capital social, el de la mentoría como un medio para el desarrollo de la identidadcomo científico, y las miradas desde la teoría social y cognitiva de la carrera.(AU)

In this article, the authors explain the origin and the current use of the term mentoring and describe some theoreticalframeworks that help to understand the processes and impact of mentoring in research: cognitive learning, non-formallearning, sociocultural learning in the context of communities of practice, mentoring as a form of social capital accumulation,mentoring as a way to develope the identity as a scientist, and the views from the social and cognitive theory of the career.(AU)

Apreciación de los médicos residentes acerca de la supervisión de sus tareas por médicos mayores / Appreciation of resident doctors about the supervision of their tasks by senior doctors

Introducción. La educación en residencias médicas, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de competencias. Para que esto ocurra los tutores deben reflexionar sobre su propia actividad docente. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer qué piensan los residentes del Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (HIBA) respecto de la supervisión que reciben. Material y métodos. Se realizó un cuestionario abierto no estandarizado sobre aspectos relevantes de la supervisión de los residentes. Las preguntas se enfocaron en la supervisión en general que reciben. Resultados. Se analizaron 14 cuestionarios. La supervisión en general, (11/14) fue considerada "adecuada", (refiriéndose a la posibilidad de consulta, supervisión constante en cirugías y buen clima de aprendizaje). Observaron falencias en la supervisión en guardia (5/14). Perciben un buen equilibrio entre autonomía alcanzada y la posibilidad de consulta. Sobre las devoluciones, todos consideran que deben ser oportunas (cercanas a la situación que está siendo evaluada), y destacan que no siempre es así (6/14). Las evaluaciones formativas son consideradas suficientes para valorar el desempeño de los residentes (8/14). La mayoría (9/14) proponen actividades de simulación y talleres de casos clínicos y temas básicos de obstetricia (5/14). Comentarios. La realización de este cuestionario permitió conocer la opinión de los residentes sobre aspectos relevantes de la enseñanza clínica y de la supervisión que reciben. Los resultados muestran que la supervisión en general ha sido considerada como positiva y que existe un buen clima de aprendizaje. (AU)

Introduction. The ultimate goal of medical education during residency is skill development. In order for this to occur, tutors must often reflect on their own teaching activity and experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the residents of the Obstetrics Department of the Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires (HIBA) perceive the supervision they receive from their elder staff. Materials and Methods. We developed an open non-standardized questionnaire detailing relevant aspects of resident supervision. The questions were specifically oriented towards the global aspects of the supervision process. Results. Fourteen questionnaires were analyzed. In general, 11 out of 14 described their supervision as "adequate" in terms of availability of advisory and consultation opportunities, constant supervision during surgical procedures and an encouraging learning environment. Several weaknesses were observed regarding supervision during active call duty (5/14). In general, a favorable balance is noted between resident autonomy and senior availability for consult. With regards to feedback, they all concur in saying that timing is key (ideally feedback should be offered in close proximity to the activity that is being supervised) and point out that this is not always the case (6/14). Formative assessments are globally considered adequate for resident evaluation (8/14). Most surveys suggest use of simulation activities and clinical case workshops regarding basic obstetric practice scenarios (9/14). Comments. The development of this questionnaire has given us great insight towards our residents' thoughts regarding clinical teaching and supervision. Results show that supervision is in general regarded as a positive experience and the learning environment is perceived as pleasant and nurturing. (AU)

[The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment]. / El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación.

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

[Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form]. / La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar.

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospital's University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. That's why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.

La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar / [Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form].

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospital’s University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. That’s why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.

El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación / [The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment].

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación. / [The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment].

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar. / [Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form].

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospitals University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. Thats why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.